Saturday, February 23, 2019

Tribute to Prof. Craig Olson: On High School Teachers, Women With Health Insurance, and MLB Farm Systems


My colleague, Prof. Craig Olson, passed away on Monday. He was one of the nation's leading labor economists. In tribute, I share some of his research.

Lesson 1: Higher Pay for High School Teachers Correlates to Higher Earnings for Students 17 Years After Graduation

Olson, C. A., & Ackerman, Deena. (2000). High school inputs and labor market outcomes for male workers in their mid-thirties: new data and new estimates from Wisconsin. Madison: University of Wisconsin--Madison, Institute for Research on Poverty.

This study presents new evidence on the relationship between high school inputs measured at the time male respondents attended high school and the earnings of these same individuals when they were in their mid-thirties. To accomplish this task, we matched newly coded data on the characteristics of Wisconsin high schools in 1954–57 to the Wisconsin Longitudinal Survey. Our estimates show a significant relationship between the characteristics of teachers and the earnings of their students 17 years after graduation. Specifically, a 1 percent increase in the average teacher salary in a district increases the earnings of students by 0.33 percent. The magnitude of this effect is larger than estimates reported in previous research and many times larger than the impact of increasing parents’ income by a comparable amount. https://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/dps/pdfs/dp120500.pdf
Implication: Higher pay for teachers is a long-term investment in America’s human capital.

Lesson 2: Women Accept a 20% Discount in Wages to Take Jobs with Health Insurance Benefits

Olson, C. A. (2002). Do workers accept lower wages in exchange for health benefits? Journal of Labor Economics, 20(2).

This study tests this prediction for employer-provided health insurance by modeling the wages of married women employed full-time in the labor market. Husband’s union status, husband’s firm size, and husband’s health coverage through his job are used as instruments for his wife's own employer health insurance benefits. The estimates suggest wives with own employer health insurance accept a wage about 20% lower than what they would have received working in a job without benefits. Implication: Women who are married to men who have no union or no health insurance accept a 20% wage discount compared to women in the same jobs who are married to union members or men in nonunion firms with no health insurance.

Lesson 3: Teams That Were Early Adopters of Farm Systems Won More Games Than Nonadopters

Olson, C. A., & Schwab, Andreas. (2000). The performance effects of human resource practices: The case of interclub networks in professional baseball, 1919-1940. Industrial Relations, 39(4), 553-577. https://doi.org/10.1111/0019-8676.00184

We use a panel data set of the win/lose records for the population of 16 major league clubs for the seasons from 1919 through 1940 to test hypotheses about the effect of human resource practices on organizational performance. The results suggest that the reserve team practice had no significant impact on organizational performance. In contrast, the more complex farmteam system, pioneered by Branch Rickey of the St. Louis Cardinals, improved organizational performance and diffused rapidly throughout the league. We estimate that by 4 years after its creation, the farmteam system improved a team's win rate by 0.068 points relative to nonadopters of the farmteam system and teams with less than 4 years of prior experience with a farmteam system. The results also show that the farmteam effect was not confined to St. Louis but also was experienced by later adopters.
Implication: Investing extra money, and more money than your competitors, to develop talent pays off in the long-run.

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